Who is Anton Wilke?

Christian Hoffmeister was the maternal grandfather of Clara Ziebold Sennott. He was a business owner, alderman and prominent citizen of Carondelet. At the time Carondelet was a separate city, it has since been annexed and is now part of St. Louis.

A search in the St. Louis Genealogical Societies Probate Abstracts resulted in a number of estates that named Christian Hoffmeister as executor. One of the estates that named Christian as executor was the estate of Anton Wilke. Reviewing the estate papers led to an important piece in the puzzle of Christian's family.

Anton was Christian's step father. His mother Wilhelmina Brunke married three times. Her first husband was Heinrich Dege. They had at least one son, Heinrich Dege. After his death she married Carl Hoffmeister. They had at least three children - Christian, Wilhelm and Johanna. After Carl's death Wilhelmina married Anton Wilke.

Anton Wilke and Wilhelmina Brunke Dege Hoffmeister Wilke came to the United States from Hannover sometime before 3 June 1848  when Christian Hoffmeister purchases Lot number 8 in Block number 2 of Blow & Le Beaume's addition to the City of St. Louis for $105.00. The property had a 30 feet front on Third Street and ran back 132 feet 6 inches to an alley . Wilhelmina Wilke, wife of Anton Wilke has use of the property for the term of her natural life and after her demise the property defaulted to Christian Hoffmeister.

In 1850, Anton and Wilhelmina appear on the Federal Census in the City of St. Louis. Wilhelm and Johanna are living with them on the census. Anton is working as a laborer and Wilhelm is a butcher.

On 9 November 1852 Anton and Wilhelmina purchased lot number 10 in block number 3 of John B Duchouquette's addition to the City of St. Louis which has a 29 foot front at 740 Columbus Street and runs 146 feet and 2 inches deep for $1650.00. There was a promissory note filed on the same day in the deed books, Anton and Wilhelmina borrowed $510 which was to be repaid in two years with 6% interest.

Anton wrote his will on 28 August 1853, "being according to my own apprehension of infirm state of health and sensible of my liability to sudden death but at the same time of sound and proposing mind and being at the same time anxious to make a suitable disposition of my real and personal personal estate." In his will, Anton included the names of the first two husbands of his wife, Wilhelmina and the living children of each marriage.

Anton passed away on 20 October 1853 of consumption. He named his wife, Wilhelmina as his Executrix. Unfortunately, she died a few days later on 24

October, 1853. Anton was buried 21 October 1853 in the church cemetery after a mass at St. Vincent de Paul Catholic Church. Wilhelmina was buried in Holy Ghost cemetery, she was a member of the German Evangelical church.

Christian Hoffmeister was appointed Administrator of Anton's estate. His heirs were Heinrich Dege, Christian Hoffmeister, Wilhelm Hoffmeister and Johanna Hoffmeister, the children of his wife Wilhelmina.

Since Anton passed away before the promissory note on the property he purchased on Columbus street, the property was sold for $2200. The note was repaid and the balance was included in Anton's estate.

Christian paid Heinrich Dege, Wilhelm Hoffmeister and Johanna Hoffmeister each $100 for improvements that Anton and Wilhelmina made to the property on Third Street.  Johanna's share was paid to Heinrich Dege as her guardian since she was of unsound mind and incapable of managing her affairs.

The inventory of Anton's estate was valued at $96.85 and included clothing, household items, furniture, a saddle, a wheel barrel, a stove, and two cows. Christian, as administrator, was allowed to dispose of the property in lieu of holding a sale since much of the property was "from the old country into this country and is not customary here and almost worn off."

After all the debts were paid, the final settlement of Anton's estate was $1781.11. $800 was set aside for Johanna and the balance was divided between the four heirs. They received $245.27 each. 

Thanks to the completeness of Anton's will, we know who Christian's parents and siblings were.

Sources
1. "Missouri Probate Records, 1750-1998," images, Family Search (https://familysearch.org/ark:/61903/3:1:3QS7-L9LM-CS9R?cc=2399107&wc=QZ9D-HRT%3A1327907501%2C1328512742 : 22 September 2014), St. Louis (Independent City) > Wills, 1849-1862, vol D-F > image 228 of 797; Missouri State Archives, Jefferson City.
2. "Register of Deaths, 1850-1909," images, Ancestry.com, St Louis,  Missouri Death Records, Missouri State Archives, Jefferson City, p 89.
3. " Church Records, 1844-1974," Catholic Church, St Vincent de Paul, St. Louis, Missouri, FHL film 1872288, Item 6, Burials 1845-1864.
4. 1850 US Federal Census, St. Louis Ward 1, St. Louis (Independent City), Missouri, M432, Roll 415, page 144B, Lines 16-24.
5. Deed, St. Louis, Missouri, Book S4, Page 514, FHL Film 531580. 
6. Deed, St. Louis, MIssouri, Book M6, Page 271, FHL Film 531608.

7. Deed, St. Louis, Missouri, Book V6, Page 164, FHL Film 531788

8. Deed, St. Louis, Missiouri, Book 161, Pages 176-178, FHL Film 531797.

9. St. Louis Probate Court Digitization Project, 1802-1900, Probate file of Anton Wilke, Missouri Digital Heritage,  https://www.sos.mo.gov/Images/Archives/Judicial2/C30912_142063.pdf  

10. "Register of Deaths, 1850-1909," images, Ancestry.com, St. Louis, Missouri Death Records, Missouri State Archives, Jefferson City, p. 92.

Academy of the Visitation Graduation 1909

Graduation Invitation - 1909

Visitation Academy, St. Louis, Missouri

Visitation Academy was founded in 1833 in Kaskaskia, Illinois by the Order of the Visitation of Holy Mary. The school moved to St. Louis in 1844. In 1909 it was located at Cabanne and Belt Avenues and there were 183 students enrolled.   

The Class of 1909

Top Row: Marion Bishop, Fort Sheridan, Ill.; Marie Sullivan, Geraldine Collum, Maizie Whyte, Georgia Sullivan of St. Louis. 

Second Row: Clara Ziebold, WAterloo, Ill.; Josephine Dickson, St. Louis; Gail Maguire, St. Louis; Susie Cabanne Goode, Honolulu; Maryzita Cahill, Kansas City.

Bottom Row: Norma Weis, St. Louis; Katherine Degnan, Wilburton, Ok.

Articles from the beginning of the school year refer to thirteen students. Celeste Withers is not listed as a graduate in the articles about the commencement exercises.  

Among the graduates in 1909 was Clara Ziebold, class valedictorian. Clara's scrapbook of her final year at Viz is in the collection of Rick Sennott and provided much of the material for this article. 

Clara Ziebold, 1909

The school year ran from September 8, 1908 to June 11, 1909. Class colors were lavender and white and the class flower was Lavender Sweet Peas. The Class yell was "Lavender and White, Lavender and White Class '09 Out of Sight". The class motto was "Amor Vincit Omnia" which means Love Conquers Everything.

Classes attended by the Seniors included French, Philosophy, Latin, Mathematics, Composition and Music, all taught by the sisters. Occasional musicals, recitals, and dances offered a break from daily studies for the young ladies.

Social events memorialized in Clara's scrapbook include dances for Veil Prophet, Halloween, Valentine's Day, an ice cream social, a St. Louis University football game, flower show, concerts and recitals. The girls were inducted into the Alumnae Association of Visitation Academy in April, 1909 at the Annual Re-union.

Botany Class

At the Church 

 The Story Was Rather Sad

The Tennis Fields

A private Graduation ceremony was held on Friday, June 11, 1909, only parents, teachers, students and the graduates were present. "Miss Georgia Sullivan read the class essay. Miss Marian Bishop, who won the certificate in music, played a piano solo, and a very enjoyable musical program was given by the students." Archbishop Glennon made an address and presented the diplomas and medals.

The text of Clara's valedictorian address was preserved in her on hand in the scrapbook:

Dear Sisters and Companions,

The coveted and earned distinction to speak for my class has been bestowed upon me.

In a certain sense I am proud of it, it is sweet. But I feel the throne pierce through the gathered flower. My words must say farewell, must tell the ending of the beautiful period in which our budding lives have been under a training hand.

In the retreat blind of dangers, weak little girls we have grown in the sunshine of culture, we have tried our minds at modest sciences, Have had imparted to them the dogmas of the highest  that of religious have been taught to see and love in every beauty and event something divine have been urged to duty by sweetest advice and soothing consolation and led from sorrow by the hand of love.

Looking back upon it we catch glimpses of blue skies, sunshiny ripples, green hedged fields, pleasant smiles we hear girls laughter and the sisters words of sweet correction

We must leave it! How blessings brighten as they take their flight. But is our happiness doomed to fade in the sphere of womanhood? Are not the influences of the world all our friends? There are dangers in society we are told beware Into this great unknown may that his open before no we must go alone. With what wisdom shall we choose and with what success shall we engage in the activities that there invite our trial? With what strength  shall we resist the fancies that may steer us into unsafe whirlpools of pleasure? We are encouraged; we are warned by loving words and inspired by fondest hearts. They say "let not your will like faulty air ships be whirled astray, but let it keep firm in the God -given course so love that others grief may be your own. Let adversity work in you its glories. Let you sorrows be wreathed with virtues. Character thus trained will mold others and be perfected according to the words given by your alma mater

Failure will be our own achievement. We will try to held this lesson and by being her true daughters praise our Alma Mater. 

Most beloved and revered teachers, gratitude for the sacred treasures you have given us we express for each in the lines of the poet

Though time her bloom is steeling theres still beyond his act the wild flower wreath of feeling the sun beam of the heart

Let us our dear companions, friends remain and you dear sisters, mothers be to us who bid you all a sad, a sad farewell.

After the ceremonies, Mr and Mrs. J. F. Sullivan, parents of Georgia Sullivan, entertained the class at a dance held at the Normandy Club. 

Sources

1. The Girl Graduate, Her Own Book, scrapbook of Clara Ziebold's senior year at Visitation Academy in St Louis, Missouri. Original in collection of Richard Sennott. 

2. "School Days at Visitation Academy", unidentified newspaper clipping from scrapbook of Clara Ziebold.

3. "Notes from Visitation Acadmey, Cabanne", unidentified newspaper clipping from scrapbook of Clara Ziebold.
4. Unidentified newspaper clipping in scrapbook of Clara Ziebold described the commencement exercises. 

The Education of Dr. John Stephen Sennott

Dr. John Stephen Sennott

At the age of 22, John graduated from St. Louis Medical College on Wednesday, 7 March 1883. The commencement took place at Mercantile Library Hall.  It was described in the St Louis Globe Democrat on Thursday, March 8th. "The stage was bordered with a rich collection of potted plants, which formed a dark background to the brilliant line of floral offerings, in tasteful and novel designs, that were presented to the graduates." The hall was "filled with the friends and relatives of the graduates, who testified their appreciation of the remarks of the different speakers by frequent applause." Mary Ann Newsham Sennott, John's mother, was probably among the family members attending. Professor J S B Alleyne, the Dean of the University, gave the main address, "on the importance of their duties in afterlife and foreshadowed the years of toil and care that awaited the members of the medical profession. He urged them to assiduous application and faithful attention to their patients, and after administering more equally sound advice, conferred the degree of M.D." on the 39 graduates included John. 

John's education began at the public schools in Waterloo, Monroe County, Illinois where he was born and grew up. On the first Monday in September, 1874 John started classes at St. Louis University in the four year Commercial Program. His classes that year included English grammar, US history, geography and elocution, practical and mental arithmetic, penmanship and catechism. John excelled at his studies and received special notice for distinguished diligence in his studies, the first premium for Christian Doctrine, a distinguished rating in English grammar, second premium in history and geography, and first premium in arithmetic. 

In his second year, John studied English grammar, epistolary composition, Bible history, geography and elocution, math, penmanship and catechism.  1875-76 was another good year for John he again distinguished himself at diligence and received a distinguished rating at arithmetic. He excelled a the semi-annual examinations for a second year in a row. 

1876-77 was John's third year at St. Louie U. He studied higher English composition and rhetoric, essays, debates, modern history and continued geography, book-keeping, arithmetic, algebra and Christian doctrine. John received a distinguished rating in book-keeping and excelled again at the semi-annual examination. 

1877-1878 should have been John's final year and he was listed in the records as a student from Illinois, but he did not graduate. The records don't indicate if he began the year and dropped out or never attended during that year. No other records have been found to shed any light on what happened.

We don't know why John dropped out of St. Louis University without graduating. The final disposition of his father's estate was dated June 30, 1877 so it might have been related. The executors of James's estate were Steven Miles and JW Drury. In a letter to his son, Harry, John talked about Stephen Miles. Stephen was the brother of Amanda Miles who was the first wife of James Sennott. John said that Mary Ann Sennott trusted Stephen after James's death. "He did not prove to be a friend and cost us a lot of money almost bankrupting Mother and me." There was a dispute over land left to James Sennott when Amanda died. The land was given to the couple by her father, Stephen W. Miles, Senior. According to John, they lost the land dispute. There is no mention of the dispute in the estate file.  By 1880, things must have changed since John continued his education. 

On Monday, September 27, 1880 regular lectures began at St. Louis Medical College and John was among the students. St Louis Medical College was located at the corner of Seventh and Clark. According to the Benard Becker Medical Library Archives at Washington University, St. Louis Medical College was chartered in 1841, it was part of St. Louis University. In 1849 the college moved to the building pictured above. In 1855 a separate charter was granted by the State of Missouri after pressure from the "Know Nothing" party, an extreme nativist movement demanded the medical school sever ties with the Roman Catholic university. In the 1870's the cirriculum was reformed and expanded and by 1880 all students were required to matriculate for three years before receiving a diploma. In 1891 the medical school became affiliated with Washington University as it's medical department. 

John attended St. Louis Medical College from 1880 through his graduation in 1883. The winter term each year began on the last Monday in September and continued through early March. The spring sessions began mid March and lasted for eleven weeks. The college catalogs provide detailed insight into the classes John completed. John was part of the first class who completed the new cirriculum. 

"Chemistry is taught in lectures (three a week) illustrated by experiments and specimens; the course embracing also selected chapters on physical science. A rich collection of chemicals and chemical and physical apparatus is at the disposal of the Professor of Chemistry." Chemistry labs were taught by the Demonstrator of Chemistry during the Winter session for Junior students and in the Spring session it was open to all students.

"Anatomy - Lectures (three a week) with practical demonstrations, and daily instruction in dissections. The anatomical rooms are under the superintendent and direction of the Professor of Anatomy...Surgical Anatomy is taught as a separate course of lectures, abundantly illustrated by dissections, (three a week) during part of the Winter session."

"Histology is taught by the Professor of Physiology in lectures, with the aid of magic lantern diagrams and photographs of microscopic preparations. Dr E Evers gives demonstraoins in Histology during the Spring session, three times a week."

"Physiology - The lectures (three a week) are illustrated by diagrams, chemical and physical experiments and vivisections."

"Therapeutics and Materia Medica - The lectures (three a week) are illustrated by a very extensive cabinet of materia mecida, with numerous plates, and a large collection of  of dried specimens of medicinal plants, and carefully selected samples of drugs, educating the senses to the physical properties of medicinal substances. During the Spring session, Dr. W E Fischel lectures on special Therapeutic Methods, twice a week."

"Principles and Practice of Medicine -  Didactic lectures four times a week." Medical clinics were held four times a week at City Hospital and St. Louis Sisters' Hospital. During the clinics there was instruction in ausculation, percussion, and physical diagnosis. Classes on Clinical Examination of the Urine were held during the Spring Session. 

"Pathological Anatomy is taught in connection with clinical medicine, the College possessing abundant resources for illustrating this branch in its extensive collection of pathological preparations and wax and plaster models."  Lectures were twice a week, "with microscopial demonstraions and the exhibition of recent specimens."
"Diseases of Children - didactic lectures once a week. Clinical lectures at the College Dispensary, twice a week."

"Surgery - Didactic lectures (three a week)." There were also clinics at St. Louis Hospital, City Hosptial, and the College Dispensary.

There were also weekly lectures or clinics on Diseases of the Genito-Urinary Organs, Ophthalmology, Gynecology, and Obstetrics. Here is what the students schedule included:

There were examinations for admission that John had to pass since he did not graduate from St. Louis University. They included English grammar, orthography and composition, mathematics and elementary physics. Since he did so well at St. Louis University, John should have passed with flying colors. After the middle term, students could take exams in Chemistry, Anatomy, Physiology, and Therapeutics and Materia Medica. If they didn't pass any of these they could retake them when they became candidates for graduation. 

The fees were $90 for the Winter term, $25 for the Spring session, and $10 for laboratory during the Spring session.  The students were required to purchase 12 textbooks listed in the catalog. There was also a Quiz Club that John might have joined. For $12.00 the students were presented "an opportunity for the free discussion of the important points of the subject matter of the lectures and thus enables him to express concisely his views, corrects erroneous conceptions, fixes the salient points in his memory, and prepares him not only for the Green Room, but also for the emergencies of practice."

In order to graduate, John had to meet four requirements:

1. Be at least twenty-one years of age and of good moral character and been studying medicine for three years. 
2. Attended the three terms listed above. The Spring sessions were optional.
3. Notify the Dean of his intention to graduate in writing by the first of February.
4. Pass examinations in Chemistry, Anatomy, Physiology, Materia Medica and Therapeutics, Principles and Practice of Medicine, Clinical Medicine, Surgery, and Obstetrics.

In addition, he could graduate "ad eundem" by "producing testimonials from physicians with respect to character and professional standing, entering the Senior Class for one term, and passing a satisfactory examination in all the above mentioned branches."

Dr. Wetmore, of Waterloo, was John's preceptor and the President of the Monroe County Medical Society. He would have been a mentor who provided instruction and oversight for John during and after he completed medical school. 

John practiced medicine in Waterloo until his death in 1933. 

  

Delia Brey's Tragic Ending

Tombstone of Delia Brey

Maria Delia Brey is buried at Bellefountaine Cemetery in St. Louis. Delia's older brother, Paul, selected a column broken off at the top with ivy wrapped around it which symbolizes a life cut short.

Delia died tragically in the prime of her life at the young age of 34. I found the tombstone on a visit to Bellefountaine looking for another Brey ancestor. She is buried there in a single grave. It intrigued me so I set out to discover more about her. She was a successful young woman with a career as a teacher who indeed came to a tragic end.

On 8 May 1877, Delia died of an overdose of chloroform. The circumstances were debated in the newspapers and the Coroner's Inquest that was held on 9 May 1877. The Coroner's report found that "the deceased was found dead on 8th day of May 1877 in the 3rd story of the above mentioned place [2702 Olive St.] in her bed at or about 6 o'clock pm. It was elicited that the deceased came to her death between the hours of 3 and 6 o'clock pm from the effects of an overdose of chloroform, which the deceased had been using to allay the pains of a facial neuralgia from which she was suffering at the time."

Facial neuralgia causes extreme pain and spasms of the muscles of the face and is caused by disorders of the cranial nerves. In the 1870's chloroform, a colorless, sweet smelling liquid, was used to relieve the pain. It was very volatile, the same dose taken one day could be fatal the next. This is why it is no longer used as an anesthetic.

A series of articles published in the St. Louis Globe Democrat provide details of the story of Delia's death and give us some insight to how she lived. On the previous Thursday, Delia attended the oratorio of Elijah at the Merchants' Exchange and caught cold. The next day what began as a headache morphed into neuralgia. She stayed home from teaching at the Central High School on Tuesday because she was still not feeling well. Delia occupied rooms with a fellow teacher, Mrs Mary B. Cushman, on the third floor of Nelson's boarding house at 2702 Olive.

About 10:00am Harry Nelson, the son of Delia's landlord, purchased a four ounce vial of camphor for .15 cents at J.C. Kirkbride's drug store at the southwest corner of Jefferson Avenue near Olive Street for Delia. He took it home and his father, William Nelson, saw him show it to his three year old nephew. William smelled it and it was definitely camphor.  At noon, Mrs. Cushman returned home so see how Delia was. She said she felt better and they chatted and laughed pleasantly. Mrs. Cushman left to return to school at 12:30 pm. The maid changed the bed linens about 2:00 pm and Delia returned to bed.

At 3:00 pm  one of Delia's students stopped by but when the maid went to her room to delivery the note the student left, the door was locked and there was no answer so she assumed that Delia was sleeping. Delia had not stirred by 6:00 pm when the bell rang for tea. When Mrs. Cushman could not rouse her, a passkey was used and they found Delia laying on her left side in bed with a little bag of hops and a towel on her face. There was an uncorked bottle under her pillow labeled camphor, however the bottle contained chloroform. They called for help and Dr. Briggs came to the house and determined that Delia had been dead for several hours.

Mrs. Cushman was sure that they did not have any chloroform in their rooms because she needed some to remove a greasy spot from a dress a few days before and they didn't have any. She believed that the druggist had mistakenly filled the bottle with chloroform instead of camphor since no other bottle was found in the room. The coroner's inquest cleared the druggist, they did not believe that he had filled the bottle with the incorrect liquid. Unfortunately the only paper that survives is the finding of the inquest so we don't know what testimony was given.

The newspaper article mentions that the friends interviewed did not believe that she had committed suicide. She was "pleasantly and comfortably situated with numerous kind and loving friends. In addition to this she had laid her plans for a visit to California during the coming summer, and began, last Saturday, to make her arrangements with this object in view."

Delia's funeral was held at First Presbyterian Church. She had been a member of the Second Baptist Church but her friends thought First Presbyterian was larger and more centrally located so that is where the funeral was held. The pall bearers were from the faculty of Central High School. The church was filled with her students, relative and friends. "Floral decorations and designs had been liberally supplied by the High School and by individual friends."  The services were conducted by Rev. J. V. Schofield of the Fourth Baptist Church. "The music, as always at this Church, was suitable and beautiful. The choir for this occasion consisted of Messrs. Cooper and Steins, the regular tenor and bass of the Church choir, and Misses Branson and Clegg, formerly composing with the gentlemen named, the choir of the Church."

"The services opened with the sentence, "Cast they burden on the Lord," sung with marvelous delicacy and pathos. The place was filled with sweet melody floating out from voices as pure and musical as are ever heard in combination. The other selections were the familiar and tender hymn, "Come, ye disconsolate," and an exquisite chant, set to a fragment from Beethoven, "Come unto me, all ye that labor and are heavy laden. At the conclusion of the service, opportunity was given to see the face of the deceased, reposing in dreamless sleep. In slow procession the large audience passed the casket containing the mortal part of the teacher and friend universally beloved and widely honored in this city, which has been so largely benefited by her useful life and the remains were borne to their burial place."

A few days later, on 13 May 1877 a tribute to Delia written and signed by nine of her co-workers appeared in the St. Louis Globe Democrat.

They wanted to let everyone know that the idea of suicide was completely out of character as was taking chloroform.  The tribute talks about a woman with firm convictions. They go on to say that she did not use narcotics in any shape. She was especially afraid of chloroform. Not only was it dangerous but "to her, unworthy weakness of seeking refuge from pain in insensibility. Her contempt was of the same nature as that she felt for the inebriate drowning his woes in the brandy-bottle."

Delia's sense of smell was "defective" and since she was not familiar with the smell of chloroform, she might not have known what was in the bottle. Her ideas on suicide were firm, it was a sin and a "cowardly weakness that could shuffle off its burdens upon another's laden shoulders, instead of patiently bearing its share to the end." They describe Delia as "far-seeing, systematic and careful. She would never "have left things in such a state that even the slightest suspicion should fall upon another."

The article ends with a lament, "her early life was filled with many sorrows, but the days of her great trials were long since passed, and the future had begun to broaden and brighten for her as it only could for noble, useful woman, who had lived through and conquered her trials, and had at last no more to lose than gain." It is true that Delia was no stranger to loss. Her four younger siblings died when they were all less than two years old. Her mother was a victim of the typhoid epidemic in 1858; her brother Harman went south just before the Civil War and was never heard from again; and her brother Julius was shot at the battle of Shiloh (stay tuned for his story) and died following surgery to remove the shot from his leg in 1867.

The tribute's claim that she was conscientious, organized and was financially comfortable. The inventory of her possessions included rental property in the Carondelet neighborhood, certificate of deposits at Boatman's Savings Bank totaling $1478.00 and cash in the bank of $168.00. Her total estate was valued at $2500, a significant sum for a single lady in 1877.

Strong, successful women seem to run in our family and Delia is one of them. The tombstone in Bellefontaine Cemetery is a perfect monument to her tragic death. Thanks to the St. Louis Globe Democrat we have some details of the store of her untimely end.

Sources

1. St. Louis City, Missouri, Coroner's Records, Inquests, Box 11, File 166, "Delia Brey," filed 9 May 1877; St. Louis County Library film SLCR-3.
 2. City of St. Louis, Missouri, probate case files, no. 12739, 8 May 1877; Probate Court Clerk's Offfice, St. Louis.
3. Miss Brey Tribute to Her Memory from Those Connected with the Public Schools—The Idea of Suicide Indignantly Refuted … (News) Wm. T. Harris. St. Louis Globe-Democrat (St. Louis, MO) Sunday, May 13, 1877; pg. 3; Issue 358; col F.
4. Coroner’s Cases Inquest on Miss Brey—A German Blows His Brains Out—Sudden Death of a Work House Rat (News) St. Louis Globe-Democrat (St. Louis, MO) Thursday, May 10, 1877; pg. 4; Issue 355; col G.
5. Was It a Mistake? A Lady School-Teacher Found Dead in Bed (News) St. Louis Globe-Democrat (St. Louis, MO) Wednesday, May 09, 1877; pg. 3; Issue 354; col G.
6. Death’s Doings (News) St. Louis Globe-Democrat (St. Louis, MO) Friday, May 11, 1877; pg. 5; Issue 356; col F.
7. The Last Rites Funerals of Two Well-Known St. Louis Ladies Yesterday (News) St. Louis Globe-Democrat (St. Louis, MO) Friday, May 11, 1877; pg. 8; Issue 356; col B.
8. Obituary (Obituary) St. Louis Globe-Democrat (St. Louis, MO) Sunday, May 13, 1877; pg. 5; Issue 358; col A.
9. St. Louis in Splinters (News) St. Louis Globe-Democrat (St. Louis, MO) Tuesday, June 05, 1877; pg. 3; Issue 16; col B.